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Teacher training in Bavaria is based on the type of school. Permanent employment at one type of school generally requires a teaching qualification for the respective type of school. This distinguishes Bavaria from federal states that offer training for specific school types.
Education at the universities and art colleges is school-specific and mainly takes the form of undergraduate courses. However, some universities offer teacher training courses which, in addition to the First Teaching Qualification Examination (as a final university examination), also enable students to obtain a Bachelor's degree and, where applicable, a Master's degree. The degree course in vocational and business education for a teaching position at vocational schools concludes with a Master's examination.
In Bavaria, you can study for the following teaching qualifications:
In addition to the above-mentioned teaching qualifications, it is also possible to train as a specialist teacher or support teacher at a state institute with subsequent preparatory service. The one-year training course to become a specialist teacher at vocational schools takes place as required.
In principle, the qualification for studying at a university in accordance with the Qualification Ordinance (QualV) is required for studying a teaching degree. Special provisions (e.g. aptitude tests in the subjects of sport, art and music) can be found in the Lehramtsprüfungsordnung I (see "Legal bases") or in the corresponding examination and study regulations of the universities.
In order to qualify for the teaching profession at elementary school, students must have completed their academic training at university and have completed their practical training in a seminar and at the host school.
In order to qualify for the teaching profession at secondary schools, students must have completed their academic training at university and have completed their practical training at a seminary and at the host school during their preparatory service.
Vocational schools are taught by both teachers qualified to teach at vocational schools and specialist teachers.
In order to qualify for the teaching profession at grammar schools, students must have completed their academic studies and have completed their practical school training during the preparatory service (Referendariat).
In order to qualify for the teaching profession at Realschulen, students must have completed their academic studies and have completed their practical school training during the preparatory service (Referendariat).
In order to qualify as a teacher of special needs education, students must have completed their academic studies and have completed their practical school training during their traineeship (Referendariat).